Elevated CD4/CD8-ratio

An increased proportion of CD4⁺ T-helper lymphocytes to CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes above the upper reference range (typically >2:1), indicating an altered T-cell subset distribution and relative expansion of CD4⁺ immune cells.

Causes

• Reactive inflammatory states

  • Viral infections

  • Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection

• Autoimmune diseases

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

  • Multiple sclerosis

  • Myasthenia gravis

• Lymphoma

• Leukemia

• HIV treatment (immune recovery after antiretroviral therapy)