Fistula

Abnormal epithelial-lined communication between two hollow organs, vessels, or between an internal organ and the skin, allowing pathological passage of fluid, secretions, blood, or other contents between normally separate structures.

• Examples of fistula types

  • Rectovaginal fistula

  • Colovesical fistula

  • Arteriovenous fistula

  • Enterocutaneous fistula

  • Anal fistula

Causes

• Congenital fistulas

• Complication to abscess formation

• Crohn's disease

• Neoplastic causes: Malignancy invading adjacent organs

• Traumatic causes

• Iatrogenic and surgical causes

  • Surgical complications

  • Anastomotic leaks

  • Arteriovenous fistula after vascular procedures

  • Radiation-related tissue injury