Glaucoma

Chronic progressive optic neuropathy and corresponding visual field loss usually due to elevated intraocular pressure and reduced optic nerve blood flow.

Causes

• Primary causes

  • Open-angle glaucoma

  • Angle-closure glaucoma

  • Trabecular meshwork dysfunction

  • Pigment dispersion with pigment obstructing the drainage system

  • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome

  • Congenital or developmental abnormalities of the anterior chamber angle

  • Normal-pressure glaucoma: Poor blood flow or a sensitive optic nerve

• Secondary causes

  • Inflammation: Uveitis

  • Physical trauma

  • High myopia

  • Intraocular or orbital tumors

  • Corticosteroids

  • Diabetes

  • Cardiovascular disease