Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A chronic ocular surface disease characterized by deficient tear film causing desiccation and inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, leading to symptoms of dry eye and risk of epithelial damage. The most common causes and triggers include Meibomian gland dysfunction (clogged oil glands in the eyelids), aging, hormonal changes after menopause, enviromental factors (dry climate, air conditioning, smoke or dust), prolonged screen use with decreased blink rate, autoimmune disease (Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus), medications (antihistamines, antidepressants, blood pressure medications, and hormone replacement therapy), and facial nerve palsy.