Oligoarthritis

Inflammatory arthritis involving two to four synovial joints (oligoarthritis), typically affecting large peripheral joints, characterized by joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness due to synovial inflammation.

Causes

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

• Infectious and post-infectious causes

  • Reactive arthritis following gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections

  • Septic arthritis

  • Viral arthritis: Parvovirus B19, Hepatitis B/C, HIV

• Spondyloarthritis-related causes

  • Psoriatic arthritis

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Enteropathic arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

  • Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis

• Crystal-induced arthritis

  • Gout (monosodium urate crystal deposition)

  • Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease)

• Autoimmune and inflammatory causes

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Palindromic rheumatism

  • Connective tissue disease: SLE, sarcoidosis

• Other causes

  • Trauma-associated inflammatory synovitis

  • Osteoarthritis with secondary inflammation

  • Drug-induced arthritis

  • Malignancy-associated inflammatory arthritis (paraneoplastic arthritis)