Pneumatosis intestinalis

The radiologic finding of gas within the bowel wall, typically as cystic or linear collections in the mucosal, submucosal, or subserosal layers, associated with a spectrum of benign to life-threatening gastrointestinal and systemic conditions. Possible causes are GI disease (bowel ischemia/infarction, necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction/perforation), pulmonary conditions (COPD, emphysema), medications (chemotherapy, steroids, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors used for diabetes), iatrogenic (abdominal surgery, endoscopy), infection (Clostridium difficile, virus), autoimmune inflammation (scleroderma, lupus), and immunodeficiency (HIV/AIDS).