Vocal cord erythema

Abnormal hyperemia of the true vocal fold mucosa, often accompanied by edema and dysphonia, reflecting irritation, inflammation, or vascular congestion of the vocal folds.

Causes

• Traumatic and mechanical irritation

  • Vocal strain: Prolonged screaming or shouting

  • Repeated mechanical irritation: Throat clearing, coughing

  • Endotracheal intubation

• Inflammatory causes

  • Acute or chronic laryngitis

  • Laryngopharyngeal reflux

  • Allergic inflammation

• Environmental irritants

  • Cigarette smoking

  • Air pollution

  • Chemical fumes

  • Dry or irritating air

• Vocal fold lesions

  • Vocal fold polyps

  • Vocal fold nodules

  • Vocal fold cysts

• Medication-related causes

  • Inhaled corticosteroids

  • Other medications causing local mucosal irritation or dryness