Drowsy

Reduced alertness characterized by a strong propensity to fall asleep, often with impaired attention, slowed psychomotor responses, and difficulty maintaining wakefulness.

Causes

• Sleep disorders

  • Obstructive sleep apnea

  • Insomnia with sleep deprivation

  • Excessive sleep drive

  • Circadian rhythm disorders (shift work, jet lag)

• Medications/substances

  • Sedatives

  • Hypnotics

  • Alcohol

  • Other central nervous system depressants

• Neurologic disorders

  • Stroke

  • Traumatic brain injury

  • Neurodegenerative disease

  • Narcolepsy

  • Restless legs syndrome

• Metabolic/systemic disorders

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Anemia

  • Infection

  • Kidney failure

  • Liver failure

• Psychiatric conditions

  • Depression

  • Other disorders affecting sleep regulation