Elevated Glucagon

An increased circulating glucagon concentration above the normal reference range (approximately 25-150 pg/mL, depending on the assay method), reflecting excessive α-cell secretion and increased hepatic glucose production, which may contribute to hyperglycemia.

Causes

• Diabetes and metabolic disorders

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis

• Glucagonoma

• Metabolic/endocrine conditions

  • Obesity

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Cushing's syndrome

  • Acromegaly

• Acute stress states

  • Trauma

  • Surgery

  • Sepsis

  • Burns

• Nutritional states

  • Severe starvation

  • Prolonged fasting