Elevated Uric Acid

Abnormally increased urate concentration above the reference range (adult males: 4.0-8.5 mg/dL or 240-510 μmol/L, adult females: 2.7-7.3 mg/dL or 160-430 μmol/L, children: 2.5-5.5 mg/dL or 120-320 μmol/L), predisposing to urate crystal deposition, gout, and uric acid nephrolithiasis. Possible causes are overproduction (dietary purine/fructose/alcohol), reduced renal/intestinal excretion (diuretics, renal failure), obesity/metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, and tumor lysis syndrome.