Estrogen treatment

Administration of exogenous estrogens as systemic or local hormone therapy to treat hypoestrogenic states by restoring estrogenic activity, with consideration of thromboembolic, neoplastic, and cardiovascular risks.

Indications

• Menopausal urogenital symptoms

• Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats)

• Ovarian failure

• Premature ovarian insufficiency

• Hypogonadism

• Estrogen replacement after surgical removal or loss of ovarian function

• Bone health: Osteoporosis prevention in selected patients with estrogen deficiency

• Gender-affirming hormone therapy

Treatment considerations and risks

• Increased risk of venous thromboembolism

• Increased risk of estrogen-dependent neoplasms (endometrial and breast cancer)

• Cardiovascular risk