Gastrointestinal stenosis

congenital malformation (pyloric stenosis, atresia), inflammation (IBD, GERD, eosinophilic esophagitis, ulcer), fibrosis, neoplasia, hernia, or postsurgical scarring (adhesion).

A pathologic narrowing of the lumen in any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in partial obstruction of luminal contents and impaired gastrointestinal transit.

Causes

• Congenital causes

  • Pyloric stenosis

  • Gastrointestinal atresia

  • Other congenital gastrointestinal malformations

• Inflammatory causes

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis

  • Peptic ulcer disease

  • Post-inflammatory fibrosis

  • Radiation-induced fibrosis

• Neoplastic causes

  • Benign gastrointestinal tumors

  • Malignant gastrointestinal tumors

  • Extrinsic compression by adjacent malignancy

• Mechanical causes

  • Hernia

  • Postsurgical adhesions

• Iatrogenic causes

  • Postsurgical anastomotic stricture

  • Endoscopic or procedural injury

• Ischemic injury with subsequent stricture formation