Hemopericardium

The accumulation of blood within the pericardial cavity, which may rapidly increase intrapericardial pressure and precipitate life-threatening cardiac tamponade by restricting ventricular filling and reducing cardiac output.

Causes

• Trauma

• Iatrogenic and procedural causes

  • Cardiac surgery

  • Cardiac catheterization

  • Electrophysiological procedures

  • Pacemaker or device implantation

• Cardiac causes

  • Myocardial infarction with ventricular free wall rupture

  • Ventricular aneurysm rupture

  • Myocarditis-related cardiac injury

• Vascular causes

  • Aortic dissection

  • Ruptured aortic aneurysm

  • Rupture of coronary artery

• Bleeding disorders

• Medication-related causes

  • Anticoagulants

  • Thrombolytic therapy

  • Antiplatelet medications

• Malignant causes

  • Primary pericardial tumors

  • Hemorrhagic pericardial metastases

    • Lung cancer

    • Breast cancer

    • Lymphoma

• Tuberculosis