Hyperinsulinemia

An abnormally elevated concentration of insulin in the blood (typically >15–25 μU/mL), usually reflecting increased pancreatic β-cell secretion or reduced insulin clearance.

Causes

• Insulin resistance

  • Metabolic syndrome

  • Obesity

  • High-calorie intake

  • Compensatory pancreatic β-cell hypersecretion

  • Early type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Insulinoma

• Nesidioblastosis (diffuse β-cell hyperplasia)

• Reduced hepatic insulin clearance

• Gastric bypass surgery with altered insulin secretion and clearance

• Medications: Exogenous insulin, Sulfonylurea, Meglitinide

• Congenital hyperinsulinism