Hyperkinesis

An increase in muscular activity resulting in excessive, purposeless, involuntary movements, or motor restlessness.

Causes

• Neurodegenerative causes

  • Huntington's disease

  • Wilson's disease

  • Other basal ganglia disorders

• Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric causes

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

  • Tourette syndrome

  • Anxiety-related motor restlessness

• Medications: Antipsychotics, anti-nausea (dopamine-blocking)

• Neurological causes

  • Traumatic brain injury

  • Stroke

  • Brain tumor

• Endocrine and metabolic causes

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Severe electrolyte imbalance

  • Liver disease causing metabolic encephalopathy

• Restless leg syndrome