Hyperprolactinemia

The presence of abnormally elevated serum prolactin concentrations (normal males: <20 ng/mL or <400 mIU/L, non-pregnant females: <25 ng/mL or <550 mIU/L), and is commonly associated with galactorrhea. Possible causes are pituitary adenoma/prolactinoma, hypothalamic pathology, physiological states (pregnancy, breastfeeding, nipple stimulation), hypothyroidism, kidney failure, liver cirrhosis, stress, or medications (dopamine-antagonist, antipsychotics, antidepressants, verapamil, opioids).