Koilonychia

A nail disorder characterized by thinning and concavity of the nail plate, producing a spoon-shaped appearance with upward-curved edges.

Causes

• Iron deficiency anemia (most common systemic association)

• Hypothyroidism

• Hemochromatosis

• Malnutrition: Nutritional deficiencies affecting nail formation

• Raynaud's phenomenon

• Peripheral vascular disease causing impaired nail growth

• Trauma

• Environmental causes: Chronic irritation of the nail matrix

  • Occupational exposure to petroleum-based solvents

  • Chemical exposure

• Genetic causes

  • Inherited familial nail abnormalities

  • Congenital nail plate disorders

• Dermatologic conditions affecting the nail matrix