Microstomia

Congenital or acquired condition characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, potentially impairing oral function, airway management, and access for dental or surgical procedures.

Causes

• Congenital syndromes affecting facial structure

  • Freeman–Sheldon syndrome

  • Craniofacial developmental abnormalities

• Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

• Traumatic and iatrogenic causes

  • Facial trauma

  • Burns causing perioral scarring and contracture

  • Radiotherapy-induced fibrosis

  • Postsurgical scarring

  • Reconstructive procedures affecting oral aperture size

• Infection and inflammation --> perioral fibrosis