Ophthalmoplegia

Paralysis or marked weakness of one or more extraocular muscles, impairing voluntary eye movements and often causing diplopia and gaze limitation. It may be nuclear, supranuclear, internuclear, or infranuclear in origin, reflecting disruption at various levels of ocular motor pathways. Possible causes are multiple sclerosis, stroke, brain injury, brain tumor, migraine, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, Lyme disease, syphilis, HIV, shingles, Wernicke encephalopathy, Mitochondrial diseases (Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia), congenital defects, diabetes may cause microvascular damages the cranial nerves, medicational toxicity (lithium, narcotics, tricyclic antidepressants).