Rectal sphincter atonia

The loss or marked reduction of resting tone and contractile function of the internal and/or external anal sphincter, leading to impaired anorectal continence mechanisms and predisposing to passive fecal leakage and flatus incontinence.

Causes

• Neurological causes

  • Spinal cord injury

  • Multiple sclerosis

  • Stroke

  • Spina bifida

  • Severe diabetic neuropathy

  • Pudendal neuropathy

• Traumatic and iatrogenic causes

  • Childbirth (obstetric anal sphincter injury)

  • Anorectal surgery

  • Pelvic or perineal trauma

• Age-related factors

  • Loss of sphincter muscle tone

  • Chronic constipation

  • Rectal prolapse

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction