Stomatitis

Inflammation of the oral mucosa, encompassing a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions affecting the lips, gingiva, tongue, palate, and other oral structures.

Causes

• Infectious causes

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

  • Hand, foot and mouth disease

  • Candida albicans (oral candidiasis)

  • Gingivitis

• Autoimmune and inflammatory causes

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

  • Behçet's syndrome

  • Celiac disease

  • Crohn's disease

• Allergic causes

  • Food allergy

  • Toothpaste or oral hygiene products

• Traumatic and irritant causes

  • Cheek biting

  • Hot beverages or foods

  • Tobacco use

• Xerostomia (dry mouth)

• Medication-related causes

  • Chemotherapy

  • Radiotherapy

• Nutritional deficiencies

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Folate deficiency

  • Iron deficiency

  • Zinc deficiency