Strabismus

An ocular motility disorder characterized by constant or intermittent misalignment of the visual axes, preventing normal binocular fusion and resulting from imbalance or dysfunction of the extraocular muscles or their innervation.

Causes

• Uncorrected hyperopia (especially in children)

• Neurological causes

  • Cerebral palsy

  • Down syndrome

  • Hydrocephalus

  • Stroke

  • Brain tumor

  • Traumatic brain injury

• Neuromuscular causes

  • Myasthenia gravis

  • Botulism

• Graves' disease (thyroid eye disease)

• Diabetes mellitus (cranial nerve palsy)

• Ocular trauma

• Vision loss during childhood (sensory strabismus)

• Congenital extraocular muscle abnormalities

• Cranial nerve III, IV, or VI palsy