Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia

An impairment of voluntary eye movements due to lesions in supranuclear pathways controlling gaze, typically with preserved oculocephalic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes and often manifesting as vertical gaze palsy, especially affecting upgaze or downgaze. Possible causes are progressive supranuclear palsy, ALS, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, frontotemporal dementia, encephalitis, and Whipple disease.