Uveitis

Inflammation of the uvea, the vascular middle layer of the eye comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It may involve adjacent ocular structures and cause pain, photophobia, reduced visual acuity, and potentially irreversible vision loss.

Causes

• Autoimmune and inflammatory causes

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Crohn's disease

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

  • Multiple sclerosis

• Infectious causes

  • Herpes simplex virus

  • Herpes zoster virus

  • Syphilis

  • Toxoplasmosis

  • Tuberculosis

  • Lyme disease

• Traumatic causes

  • Burns

  • Ocular surgery

  • Direct eye trauma

• Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors)

• Masquerade syndromes (intraocular lymphoma)