Xeroderma

Abnormal dryness of the skin characterized by roughness, scaling, and fine desquamation of the stratum corneum, typically resulting from reduced surface lipids, increased transepidermal water loss, or impaired skin-barrier function.

Causes

• Environmental factors

  • Low humidity

  • Cold weather

  • Frequent bathing or washing

  • Hot showers

  • Prolonged sun exposure

• Age-related reduced sebaceous gland activity

• Dermatological disorders of epidermal barrier function

  • Atopic dermatitis

  • Eczema

• Endocrine and metabolic causes

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Renal failure

  • Chronic systemic disease

• Nutritional causes

  • Vitamin A deficiency

  • Vitamin E deficiency

  • Other nutritional deficiencies

• Medications that reduce skin hydration or alter barrier function

  • Diuretics

  • Oral retinoids

  • Statins