Bradypnea

An abnormally decreased respiratory rate relative to age (normally 12-20 breaths/minute for >12 years).

Causes

• Central nervous system disease: Brain injury, tumor, stroke, central sleep apnea

• Hypothyroidism

• Cardiopulmonary dysfunction

• Electrolyte imbalance

• Drug effect: Opioids, sedatives, muscle relaxants, anesthesia, and alcohol