Elevated Estrogen

An abnormally increased circulating estrogen concentration (typically estradiol) above the expected physiologic range for age, sex, and reproductive status.

• Male: 10 - 50 pg/mL

• Children: <15 pg/mL

• Follicular phase: 30 - 350 pg/mL

• Mid-cycle: 150 - 750 pg/mL

• Luteal phase: 30 - 450 pg/mL

• 1st trimester: 200 - 5,000 pg/mL

• 2nd trimester: 1,000 - 15,000 pg/mL

• 3rd trimester: 10,000 - 40,000 pg/mL

Causes

• Obesity

• Liver failure / cirrhosis

• Polycystic ovary syndrome

• Endometriosis

• Neoplasms

  • Ovarian tumors

  • Testicular tumors

  • Adrenal tumors

• Medications

  • Oral contraceptives

  • Testosterone replacement therapy (via aromatization)

  • Estrogen-containing hormone therapy

• Physiologic and environmental factors

  • Pregnancy

  • Chronic stress

  • Endocrine-disrupting environmental chemicals

• Gut microbiome dysbiosis