Intraocular hemorrhage

Bleeding within the globe involving intraocular vascular structures (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, choroid, or suprachoroidal space), potentially increasing intraocular pressure and impairing visual function depending on the location and extent of bleeding.

Causes

• Retinal and vascular causes

  • Diabetic retinopathy

  • Retinal blood vessel rupture

  • Retinal vein occlusion

  • Retinal artery or vascular abnormalities

  • Hypertensive retinopathy

• Traumatic causes

  • Blunt eye trauma

  • Penetrating eye injury

  • Complications after ocular surgery

  • Ocular contusion

• Retinal structural causes

  • Retinal tear

  • Retinal detachment

  • Posterior vitreous detachment with vessel injury

• Increased risk of hemorrhage

  • Anticoagulant therapy

  • Antiplatelet therapy

  • Blood disorders causing abnormal bleeding tendency

• Degenerative and age-related causes

  • Age-related macular degeneration

  • Fragile neovascular vessels associated with retinal degeneration

• Other causes

  • Intraocular tumors

  • Inflammatory eye diseases