Iritis

Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body, representing the most common form of anterior uveitis. It is characterized by ocular pain, photophobia, decreased visual acuity, and ciliary injection.

Causes

• Autoimmune and inflammatory causes

  • HLA-B27–associated inflammatory disease

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

  • Crohn's disease

  • Ulcerative colitis

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Behçet disease

• Infectious causes

  • Lyme disease

  • Syphilis

  • Tuberculosis

  • Herpes simplex virus infection

  • Herpes zoster (shingles)

• Traumatic and physical causes

  • Blunt ocular trauma

  • Penetrating eye injury

  • Chemical or thermal burns

  • Postoperative ocular inflammation

• Specific ocular disorders

  • Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis

  • Posner–Schlossman syndrome (glaucomatocyclitic crisis)

• Drug-induced ocular inflammation (rare)