Psychosis

A severe mental disorder characterized by impaired reality testing, with prominent symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought, perception, or behavior.

Causes

• Psychiatric causes

  • Schizophrenia

  • Bipolar disorder

  • Severe depression with psychotic features

  • Schizoaffective disorder

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

• Substance-related causes

  • Cocaine

  • Amphetamines

  • Hallucinogens

  • Cannabis

  • Alcohol abuse or withdrawal

  • Anabolic steroids

• Neurological causes

  • Alzheimer's disease

  • Parkinson's disease

  • Stroke

  • Brain tumor

  • Epilepsy

  • Traumatic brain injury

• Infectious causes

  • Viral encephalitis

  • HIV infection

  • Malaria

  • Neurosyphilis

• Endocrine and metabolic causes

  • Thyroid disorders

  • Hypoglycemia

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Vitamin D deficiency

  • Other metabolic disturbances

• Autoimmune and inflammatory causes

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus

  • Autoimmune encephalitis

• Other causes

  • Severe sleep deprivation

  • Extreme psychological stress

  • Delirium due to medical illness or medications