Small for gestational age

A fetus or neonate with birth weight (and often length) below the 10th percentile for sex and gestational age, indicating reduced intrauterine growth relative to a normative reference population. Maternal factors are preeclampsia, drugs, tobacco smoking, alcohol, diabetes, kidney disease, anemia, heart condition, malnutrition. Placental factors are placental insufficiency, placental abruption, and placenta previa. Fetal factors include multiple gestations, chromosomal anomalies, and congenital infections (CMV, rubella, toxoplasmosis).