Hematospermia

The presence of blood in the ejaculate (seminal fluid), arising from bleeding anywhere along the male reproductive tract, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, or urethra.

Causes

• Inflammatory and infectious causes

  • Prostatitis

  • Urethritis

  • Epididymitis

  • Chlamydia infection

  • Gonorrhea infection

• Procedural and traumatic causes

  • Prostate biopsy

  • Vasectomy

  • Urological procedures

  • Genital tract trauma

  • Recent instrumentation of the urinary tract

• Benign prostatic and structural causes

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

  • Seminal vesicle cysts

  • Ejaculatory duct obstruction

  • Benign tumors (polyps, cysts)

• Malignant causes

  • Prostate cancer

  • Testicular or other genitourinary malignancies

  • Tumors involving the seminal vesicles or urethra

• Vascular and systemic causes

  • Hypertension

  • Urolithiasis

  • Bleeding disorders

  • Anticoagulant therapy

• Physiological causes: Sexual activity