Regurgitation

The involuntary backward flow or passive expulsion of previously ingested gastric contents into the esophagus or mouth, without the forceful abdominal contractions characteristic of vomiting.

Causes

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

  • Hiatal hernia

  • Achalasia

  • Rumination syndrome

• Esophageal obstruction

  • Esophageal stricture

  • Zenker diverticulum

  • Esophageal malignancy

  • Delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis)

• Lifestyle and physical factors

  • Overeating

  • Smoking

  • Alcohol consumption

  • Obesity (increased intra-abdominal pressure)

  • Pregnancy

• Medications that reduce lower esophageal sphincter tone

  • NSAIDs

  • Calcium channel blockers