Retinal hemorrhage

Bleeding within or beneath the neurosensory retina due to rupture, damage, or leakage of retinal blood vessels, resulting in intraretinal, preretinal, subretinal, or vitreous-adjacent blood accumulation.

Causes

• Vascular and metabolic causes

  • Diabetic retinopathy

  • Hypertension

  • Retinal vein occlusion

  • Retinal artery disorders

• Ocular causes

  • Retinal tear

  • Retinal detachment

  • Age-related macular degeneration

  • Ocular trauma

  • Ocular inflammation

  • Infectious retinitis

• Hematologic causes

  • Leukemia

  • Anemia

  • Sickle cell disease

  • Thrombocytopenia

  • Coagulation disorders

• Sudden changes in intraocular pressure (Valsalva retinopathy)

  • Coughing

  • Vomiting

  • Heavy lifting/straining

  • Rapid changes in air pressure or altitude