Diagnosis

Aphthous stomatitis

Common oral mucosal lesions with discrete, shallow, painful ulcers typically lasting 7-10 days.

Also known as: Aphthae, Aphthosis, Aphthous ulcer, Canker sore, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Recurrent aphthous ulcer, Recurrent oral ulcer

Etiology

Cause/associations [8as]

Pathophysiology [8as][jaa]

Classification [8as]

  1. Minor aphthous ulcers: shallow and diameter <1 cm (70%)

  2. Major aphthous ulcers: diameter >1 cm (10%)

  3. Herpetiform ulcers: clusters of ulcers (10%)

Complications [8as]

Epidemiology

Prevalence per 100.000 [bdb][kqq][f32][ysw]

Epidemiology chart for Prevalence

Symptoms & findings

Symptoms

None listed.

Clinical findings

None listed.

Anamneses

None listed.

Localized findings

Rash
Radiates
Cavum oris (inside mouth)
Distribution
LocalizedMultipleSingle
Lesion type
ErosionUlcer
Color
RedWhite
Associated symptom
Pain
Palpation
Pain

Approach

Treatment

  1. Identify and avoid predisposing factors.

  2. Symptomatic treatment: aims to alleviate symptoms [8as]

    • Topical anesthetic

    • Protective emollient

    • NSAIDs

    • Topical corticosteroids

    • Topical antibiotics

    • Chlorhexidine mouthwash to prevent added bacterial infection

    • Topical tetracycline

    • Short course of systemic steroids (prednisone) if major aphthous ulcers

Differential diagnoses

Behcet's disease, Bullous pemphigoid, Celiac disease, Crohn disease, Eczema, Erythema multiforme, Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease, Herpes simplex, HIV, Iron deficiency anemia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Lichen planus, Linear IgA dermatosis, Oral cavity carcinoma, Pemphigus vulgaris, Reactive arthritis, Sweet syndrome, Syphilis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Ulcerative colitis, Vitamin B12 deficiency


References

[1] Plewa MC, Chatterjee K. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. [Updated 2023 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431059/

[2] http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/867080; [Medscape]

[3] Cebeci et al. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Turkish population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Jun 1;14(6):E272-7.

[4] Mumcu et al. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Dis. 2005 Mar;11(2):81-7.

[5] Shulman JD. An exploration of point, annual, and lifetime prevalence in characterizing recurrent aphthous stomatitis in USA children and youths. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004 Oct;33(9):558-66.

[6] Baş et al. Investigation of Behçet's Disease and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Frequency: The Highest Prevalence in Turkey. Balkan Med J. 2016 Jul;33(4):390-5.

[7] http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075570; [Medscape]

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