Macroglossia

An abnormally enlarged tongue due to congenital abnormalities, infiltrative disorders, endocrine dysfunction, inflammation, trauma, or neoplastic growth.

Causes

• Congenital causes

  • Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

  • Down syndrome

  • Vascular malformations: Lymphangiomas, hemangiomas

  • Storage diseases: Mucopolysaccharidoses

• Inflammatory and traumatic causes

  • Allergic reactions causing angioedema

  • Physical trauma

  • Burns

  • Local infections

• Neoplastic causes

  • Benign tongue masses

  • Tongue cancer

  • Lymphoma

• Hypothyroidism

• Obesity-related tongue enlargement

• Acromegaly

• Amyloidosis

• Glycogen storage diseases

• Neuromuscular disorders causing tongue enlargement or reduced muscle tone