Nasal congestion

Obstruction of nasal airflow caused by swelling and edema of the nasal mucosa, often accompanied by increased mucus production and impaired nasal breathing.

Causes

• Infections: Viral or bacterial upper respiratory infections

  • Common cold

  • Influenza

  • COVID-19

  • Sinusitis

• Allergic rhinitis due to:

  • Pollen

  • Dust mites

  • Pet dander

• Nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis: atypical responses to various stimuli

  • Tobacco smoke exposure

  • Air pollution

  • Chemical irritants

  • Dry air

  • Nasal decongestant spray: Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)

• Anatomical causes

  • Deviated nasal septum

  • Nasal polyps

  • Enlarged adenoids

  • Turbinate hypertrophy

  • Congenital or acquired nasal structural abnormalities

• Pregnancy-related hormonal changes

• Menstrual cycle-related changes