Nocturia

The need to wake up one or more times during the night to urinate.

Causes

• Lifestyle-related causes

  • High fluid intake close to bedtime

  • Excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption in the evening

• Diuretics

• Urological causes

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia

  • Overactive bladder

  • Reduced bladder capacity

  • Urinary tract infection

• Age-related and hormonal causes

  • Reduced nocturnal antidiuretic hormone secretion with aging

  • Menopause-related changes

  • Pelvic floor weakness after childbirth or menopause

• Endocrine and metabolic causes

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Diabetes insipidus

  • Hypercalcemia

• Cardiovascular and renal causes

  • Congestive heart failure

  • Hypertension

  • Kidney failure

  • Peripheral edema with nighttime fluid redistribution

• Obstructive sleep apnea causing repeated awakenings

• Pregnancy