Osteoporosis

Systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to low-trauma or fragility fractures, particularly of the vertebrae, hip, and distal radius. Possible causes are hormonal imbalance (drop in estrogen/testosterone levels, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing's syndrome), aging, medications (corticosteroids, anti-seizure medications, PPIs, chemotherapy), nutritional deficiency (calcium, vitamin D, low body weight, protein deficiency), celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney/liver disease, multiple myeloma, lifestyle factors (prolonged inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking).