Vaginal bleeding

The passage of blood through the vagina, arising from the genital tract (vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, or adnexa), and includes both normal menstrual flow and abnormal nonmenstrual, excessive, irregular, or postmenopausal bleeding patterns. Possible causes are hormonal imbalance (PCOS, perimenopause, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism), uterine disease (myoma, polyps, adenomyosis), miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, cervicitis, medications (oral contraceptive, IUDs, anticoagulants), and cancer (cervical, uterine, vaginal).