Hemoperitoneum

The presence or accumulation of blood within the peritoneal cavity, usually resulting from intra-abdominal organ, vascular, or gynecological injury and potentially causing hypovolemia, shock, and peritoneal irritation.

Causes

• Traumatic causes

  • Liver laceration

  • Splenic rupture

  • Renal injury

• Gynecological and obstetric causes

  • Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

  • Ruptured ovarian cyst

  • Ovarian hemorrhage

• Vascular causes

  • Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

  • Ruptured visceral artery aneurysms

    • Hepatic artery aneurysm

    • Splenic artery aneurysm

    • Renal artery aneurysm

    • Mesenteric artery aneurysm

• Malignant causes: Bleeding intra-abdominal cancer

• Medication and hematologic causes

  • Anticoagulant therapy

  • Hemophilia

  • Thrombocytopenia

• Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

• Iatrogenic bleeding after abdominal procedures or surgery

• Spontaneous intra-abdominal hemorrhage