Pulmonary hypertension

Abnormally elevated pressure in the pulmonary circulation (borderline: >20 mmHg, mild: 35-50 mmHg, moderate: 50-70 mmHg, severe: >70 mmHg), leading to progressive right ventricular overload, dysfunction, and potential right-sided heart failure. Possible causes are left heart failure, valve diseases, pulmonary embolism, COPD, interstitial lung disease, sleep apnea, genetic, drugs (methamphetamines, cocaine), congenital heart defects, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, sickle cell anemia, chronic kidney disease, HIV, liver disease/portal hypertension, scleroderma.