Heartburn

Burning retrosternal discomfort caused by gastroesophageal reflux of acidic gastric contents into the distal esophagus, typically postprandial or nocturnal. Possible causes are dietary factors (heavy meals, fatty foods, spicy foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, peppermint, coffee, alcohol), mechanical pressure (obesity, pregnancy), anatomical issues (hiatal hernia), habits (smoking, lying down too soon after eating, postprandial exercise), medications (NSAIDs, antihypertensive), and anxiety.