Papilledema

Optic disc swelling characterized by edema and elevation of the optic nerve head, typically bilateral and resulting from impaired axoplasmic flow due to increased intracranial pressure.

Causes for increased intracranial pressure

• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)

• Brain tumors

• Brain abscess

• Intracranial hemorrhage

• Hydrocephalus

• Traumatic brain injury

• Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

• Hypertensive crisis

• Meningitis

• Encephalitis

• Medications: Vitamin A excess, retinoid therapy, Tetracycline, Corticosteroids