Failure to thrive

A descriptive diagnosis of pediatric undernutrition characterized by inadequate weight gain or decelerated growth in weight, length/height, or BMI relative to age-specific expectations.

Causes

• Insufficient nutrient intake

• Malabsorption and gastrointestinal disorders

  • Celiac disease

  • Cystic fibrosis

  • Cow's milk protein allergy

  • Severe gastroesophageal reflux

  • Inflammatory or chronic gastrointestinal disorders

• Genetic and metabolic disorders

  • Inborn errors of metabolism

  • Genetic syndromes affecting growth and nutrition

• Increased metabolic demands

  • Congenital heart disease

  • Chronic lung disease

  • Chronic kidney disease

  • HIV infection

  • Tuberculosis

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Down syndrome