Hyperpigmentation

Excessive cutaneous pigmentation due to increased melanin synthesis and/or deposition within the epidermis or dermis, producing localized or generalized darkening of the skin.

Causes

• Ultraviolet radiation exposure

• Melanocytic disorders

• Pregnancy-related hormonal changes

• Aging-related pigmentary changes

• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

  • Acne, eczema, psoriasis

  • Acanthosis nigricans

• Endocrine and hormonal causes

  • Increased estrogen levels

  • Increased progesterone levels

  • Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)

• Medications

  • Antibiotics

  • Anti-inflammatory drugs

  • Chemotherapy agents

  • Antimalarial medications

  • Hormonal therapies

• Metabolic and systemic causes

  • Hemochromatosis

  • Chronic liver disease