Diagnosis

Ovarian torsion

Twisting of the ovary on its vascular pedicle.

Etiology

Causes

Pathophysiology [wqi]

  1. The ovary has dual blood supply from the ovarian arteries and uterine arteries

  2. Twisting of the vascular pedicle:

    • Venous congestion

    • Edema

    • Compromised arterial blood supply

  3. Resulting in tissue necrosis:

    • Pain (possibly peritonitis)

    • Hemorrhage

Risk factors [wqi]

Complications [wqi]

Epidemiology

Incidence per 100.000 [nb4][b3k][p9z][v4g][bsv]

Epidemiology chart for Incidence

Symptoms & findings

Symptoms

Fever, Nausea, Tachycardia, Vomiting

Clinical findings

Elevated CRP, Elevated D-dimer, Leukocytosis

Anamneses

None listed.

Localized findings

Pain
Radiates
RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant)Regio hypogastricaLLQ (Left Lower Quadrant)
Onset
Acute (minutes)
Pattern
IntermittentConstant
Provoked by
Activity
Quality
Sharp
Severity
Mild (1-3)Moderate (4-7)Severe (8-10)

Approach

Treatment

  1. Laparoscopic detorsion and oophoropexy [v4g][wqi]

  2. Oophorectomy

  3. Cyst: cystectomy, unroofing, aspiration

Differential diagnoses

Acute mesenteric ischemia, Appendicitis, Diverticulitis, Endometriosis, Gastroenteritis, Gastrointestinal obstruction, Gastrointestinal perforation, Infectious colitis, Ischemic colitis, Ovarian abscess, Ovarian cancer, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Perforated ulcer, Pyelonephritis, Ruptured ectopic pregnancy, Ruptured ovarian cyst, Urinary tract infection, Urolithiasis


References

[1] Baron SL, Mathai JK. Ovarian Torsion. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560675/

[2] Guthrie BD, Adler MD, Powell EC. Incidence and trends of pediatric ovarian torsion hospitalizations in the United States, 2000–2006. Pediatrics. 2010;125:532–38.

[3] Yuk JS, Kim LY, Shin JY, Choi DY, Kim TY, Lee JH. A national population-based study of the incidence of adnexal torsion in the Republic of Korea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 May;129(2):169-70.

[4] Karaman E, Beger B, Çetin O, Melek M, Karaman Y. Ovarian Torsion in the Normal Ovary: A Diagnostic Challenge in Postmenarchal Adolescent Girls in the Emergency Department. Med Sci Monit. 2017 Mar 15;23:1312-1316.

[5] Bolli P, Schädelin S, Holland-Cunz S, Zimmermann P. Ovarian torsion in children: Development of a predictive score. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Oct;96(43):e8299.

[6] Robertson JJ, Long B, Koyfman A. Myths in the Evaluation and Management of Ovarian Torsion. J Emerg Med. 2017 Apr;52(4):449-456.

[7] http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2026938 (2014-01-02); [Medscape]

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