Depression

A persistent sadness, loss of interest, and physical fatigue. Often accompanied by cognitive, psychomotor, sleep, appetite, energy disturbances. In severe cases, recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.

Causes

• Brain function: Changes in neurotransmitters that regulate mood

• Genetics: Family history of depression

• Medical conditions: Chronic illnesses, long-term pain, thyroid disorders, and hormonal shifts

• Trauma and stress: Difficult childhood experiences, abuse, or neglect

• Major loss: The death of a loved one, job loss, financial trouble, or relationship conflicts

• Loneliness: Long-term isolation and a lack of social support

• Personality: Being very self-critical, worrying a lot, or setting perfectionist standards