Scotoma

A localized area of partial or complete blindness or reduced vision surrounded by an otherwise intact visual field, caused by dysfunction of the retina, optic nerve, or visual pathways.

Causes

• Neurological causes

  • Migraine aura

  • Stroke

  • Multiple sclerosis causing optic neuritis

• Ocular causes

  • Macular degeneration

  • Glaucoma

  • Diabetic retinopathy

  • Hypertensive retinopathy

  • Optic nerve compression or tumor

  • Retinal vascular occlusion

  • Retinal detachment

• Preeclampsia

• Toxic causes

  • Heavy metal poisoning

  • Methanol toxicity

• Nutritional deficiency: Vitamin A, vitamine B12, copper, thiamine