Elevated ALP

An increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) above the laboratory reference interval (adult: 30-147 IU/L, children: 130-320 IU/L), indicating increased activity of enzymes originating mainly from the hepatobiliary system, bone, and other tissues.

Causes

• Cholestatic hepatobiliary disease

  • Gallstones

  • Hepatitis

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Cirrhosis

  • Primary biliary cholangitis

  • Hepatotoxicity/toxicity

• Increased osteoblastic bone turnover

  • Hyperparathyroidism

  • Bone tumors

  • Paget's disease of bone

  • Osteomalacia

  • Healing fractures

  • Physiologic growth spurts

• Cardiovascular/systemic conditions

  • Heart failure

  • Sepsis

• Pregnancy